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KMID : 0360720140270040133
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Journal of the Korean Society Traumatology
2014 Volume.27 No. 4 p.133 ~ p.138
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Usefulness of End-tidal Carbon Dioxide as a Predictor of Emergency Intervention in Major Trauma Patients
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Kim Sung-Ho
Kim Seung-Hwan
Lee Jae-Gil
Chung Sung-Phil
Kim Seung-Ho
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Abstract
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Purpose: If the survival of patients suffering from severe blunt trauma is to be improved, appropriate interventions should be taken immediately. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the clinical utility of end-tidal carbon dioxide (ETCO2) as a surrogate marker for predicting both the need for intervention and the prognosis.
Methods: This is a prospective observational study. Nasal cannula was applied to measure ETCO2, and the following parameters, which are known to be related to the prognosis for a patient, were recorded: injury severity score (ISS), revised trauma score (RTS), arterial blood gas (ABG), lactate, and hemoglobin (Hb). To evaluate the outcome, we investigated the details of emergent interventions and expired patients.
Results: A total of 93 patients were enrolled in this study. Emergent intervention was significantly associated with systolic blood pressure (sBP, p-value=0.001), ETCO2 (p-value<0.001), serum lactate level (p-value<0.001), pH (pvalue< 0.003), HCO3 (p-value=0.004), base excess (p-value<0.002), ISS (p-value<0.001) and RTS (p-value=0.005). In the multivariate logistic regression, only ETCO2 (odds ratio (OR): 0.897, 95% confidence interval (CI): 0.792-0.975, pvalue= 0.048) and ISS (OR: 1.132, 95% CI: 1.053-1.233, p-value=0.002) were associated with emergent intervention whereas ETCO2 (p-value=0.973) and ISS (p-value=0.511) were not statistically significant in predicting the survival of patients in the univariate analysis. An optimal ETCO cut-off of 29 mmHg on the ROC curve was determined, with the area under the ROC curve (AUC) being 0.824 (0.732-0.917)].
Conclusion: This study has revealed that ETCO2, which can be rapid and easily measured through a nasal cannula, and the ISS may be prognostic indicators of emergent interventions in Emergency Departments.
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KEYWORD
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Trauma, Carbon dioxide
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